Transmission for transmitting power at different speed ratios from a driver shaft toa driven shaft



y 1935- c. KITTILSEN 2,001,141 TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSMITTING POWER AT DIFFERENT SPEED RATIOS FROM A DRIVER SHAFT TO A DRIVEN SHAFT Filed March 5,. 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 lttor y y 1935. c KITTILSEN 2,001,141

TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSMITTING POWER AT DIFFERENT SPEED RATIOS FROM A DRIVER SHAFT TO A DRIVEN SHAFT Filed March 5, 1934 2 Sheets-She'et 2 (00m A z ffzyfgn/ Patented a, 14, 1935 PATENT OFFICE TRAN SIlIISSION FOR TRANSMITTING POWER AT DIFFERENT SPEED RATIOS FROM A DRIVER SHAFT TO A DRIVEN SHAFT Coom Kittilsen, Lille Trag, near Porsgrunn,

' Norway Application March 5, 1934, Serial No. 714,191

In Norway July 31, 1933 2 Claims. (Cl. 74 339) The object of the present invention is to provide a transmission which with a relatively small number of gears will be adapted to transmit power from the driver shaft to thedriven shaft, both substantially aligned and at a number of speed ratios.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the control of the several speeds may be actuated by one single lever, and whereby a direct connection can be established between the driver shaft and the driven shaft, at the same time as the necessary gears for transmitting power at other speed ratios are free and do not rotate.

A further object of the invention is to make a. simple construction, whereby the power from the driver shaft to an ordinary lay shaft may be transmitted alternatively through one set of two gears or through another set of two gears, said pairs of gears being at the same time in mesh with each other.

A further object of this invention is to provide simple and effective means for synchronizing two toothed elements which are to be brought in mesh with'each other, (for example co-axially or parallelly mounted) and which possibly at the time when they are going to be brought in mesh with each other have a difierent speed of rotation.

For the above and other objects which may be apparent from the following specification, the transmission according to this invention comprises a housing, wherein there is journalled a lay shaft, comprising a number of gears and means for journalling the driven shaft and the driver shaft.

It has previously been proposed to. make arrangements somewhat similar to the above mentioned construction, but in these instances the construction has necessitated the use of a special short shaft on which one of the pinions has been journalled. According to this invention the con struction is simplified so that no such extra shaft is needed.

in order that the invention shall be readily understood, it will be described with reference tothe drawings which illustrate a transmission with three sets of gears and adapted to give four different speed ratios.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross section through the transmission.

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross section on the line 11-11 and illustr'ates the arrangement of the operating arms.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the control bars.

Fig. 4 is a section on line IV--IV in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a detail, showing one synchronizer clutch arrangement.

Fig. 6 is a cross section on line VIVI in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is an end view of the synchronizer clutch of Fig. 5, seen from the left side.

Fig. 8 is a detail of the spring ring and Fig. 9 is a cross section through the spring ring.

In the drawings, i denotes the housing for the transmission. In the housing is journalled a lay shaft 2 on suitable ball bearings 3, d. On the lay shaft 2 there are keyed gears 5, t, i, ii. The driver shaft 9 is journalled on ball bearings it and extends into the transmission housing where the driver shaft is bored out so that a space M is established.

A pinion i2 is 'rotatably mounted on the shaft 9 and is in constant mesh with the gear ii on the lay shaft 2. The driven shaft l3 has an extension M extending into the space it in the driver shaft 9. On the driven shaft i3 is rotatably mounted a pinion it which is in constant mesh with the gear 6 on the lay shaft 2. The driver shaft 9 extends beyond the place where the pinion i2 is journalled, and on the driver shaft there is arranged a sliding clutch it shown in its left position in the drawings and engaged with the pinion l2, whereby the pinion i2 will be-keyed to the driver shaft 9 or the clutch may be moved to the right in the drawings and mesh with a number of extra teeth it which are built in unit with the pinion i5, whereby the pinion it will be keyed to the driver shaft 9.

From the above description it will be understood that by operating the clutch Ni by means of its operating lever l8, control bar !9 and the hand lever 20, it is possible to transmit the power from the driver shaft 9 to the lay shaft 2 either through the gears 02, 5 or through the gears i5,'6.

On the extension Hi of the driven shaft 93 there is further mounted a slidably, nonrotatably arranged clutch. member M which is provided with rods 22 extending in grooves in the driven shaft to a ring 23 which is in contact with a fork 25 which in turn is controlled by a control bar 26. The clutch 2! may be moved to the left to engage teeth 3! withteeth 37 andthereby establish an engagement between the driven shaft l3 and the driver shaft 9. When at the same time the clutch I6 is moved to the neutral position, there will be no gears keyed. to the driver shaft 9, and the power will be transmitted directly through the transmission without having any gears in rotation. If the clutch. 2i is,

moved to the right, its teeth 32 will engage with teeth 21 which are in unit with the pinion I 5, whereby this gear will be keyed to the driven shaft l3. If, with clutch 2| in the position to couple pinion l to shaft l 3, the clutch l 6 is moved to the left and brought in mesh with the gear l2, the power from the driver shaft 9 will be transmitted through the gears l2, 5 to the lay shaft 2, and from the lay shaft 2 through the gears 6, l5 to the driven shaft l3. By suitably sliding the gear 28 in mesh with the gear 8 or the gear 29, other combinations of ratios of transmission may be obtained, as explained hereinafter.

In Fig. 3 a method of shifting the gears is illustrated. The rod 40 controls the movement of the gear 28. The rod l9 controls the clutch l6, and the rod 26 controls the synchronizer clutch 2i.

When rod 26 is shifted from the neutral position shown in.Fig. 1 to the left, direct drive will be obtained due to the coupling of clutch member 2| (splined to shaft I3) to the teeth 31 of shaft 9. If, however, rod 26 is shifted from the neutral position to the right pinion [5 will, by engagement between teeth 21 and teeth 32 of the clutch member 2|, be coupled to shaft l3, and assuming clutch Hi to be in a position to couple pinion I2 to shaft 9, shaft l3 will rotate relative to shaft 9 at a ratio greater than 1:1.

To place the transmission in second gear, rod I9 is shifted to the left to cause clutch Hi to conple pinion l2 to shaft 9, rod 26 is shifted to its neutral position, and rod 40 is shifted to the left to cause gear 28 to mesh with gear 8. With this connection, rotary motion is transmitted from shaft 9 through pinion l2 to gear 5 through shaft 2, gear 8 to gear 28, and thence to shaft l3.

Low gear is obtained by shifting rod l9 to the right which couples pinion l5 to shaft 9 by means of clutch l6, by shifting rod 26 operating clutch 2| to neutral, and by shifting rod 40 controlling the position of gear 28 to the left to cause gear 28 to mesh with gear 8. Motion then is transmitted from shaft 9 to pinion I5, to gear 6, to shaft 2 and gear 8, to gear 28, and thence to shaft l3.

Reverse gear is obtained by shifting rod I9 to the right, rod 26 in neutral, and rod 49 to the right. Motion in this case is transmitted from shaft 9 to pinion l2, to gear 6, shaft 2 and gear 1, to the gear keyed to the shaft on which gear 29 is aflixed, and from gear 29 to gear 28, and thence to shaft l3.

For placing the'transmission in extra reverse, rods l9 and 26 are placed in the left and neutral positions, respectively, as in the case of second gear, but rod 40 is shifted to the right to bring gear 28 into mesh with gear 29. With the; parts in this position, rotary motion is trans-' mitted from shaft 9 through pinion I2 to gear 5 and shaft 2, from gear I on shaft 2 to a gear fixed on the shaft to which gear 29 is affixed, and from gear 29 to gear 28 and shaft l3.

In order to disengage all the gears when driving on direct, the lower end of the lever 20 is moved from the slot of the rod 26 to the second slot 43 of the rod I 9 which it is now opposite to and the rod I9 is moved to the right, so as to put the clutch IS in neutral position.

It is of special importance for the proper operation of the transmission according tothis invention that the clutch members shall engage with corresponding teeth on the part which is to be meshe'd without unnecessary wear or noise. For this reason it is necessary to use a synchronizing arrangement.

The synchronizing arrangement according to this invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 in the clutch 2| and also in connection with the gears 28 and 8.

With reference to the clutch 2|, this is illustrated in Figsi 5, 6 and 7 and comprises a primary movable member 30, ..comprising bars 22 which are connected to the ring 23 which again may be operated from the outside by means of a forked lever 25. The primary member 39 has a number of teeth 3| which may be brought in engagement with that part which is to be engaged, these teeth extending for a purpose to be described along the outside surface of the member 30. A secondary member 33 is arranged outside the primary member 30 and is fixed thereto by means of teeth corresponding to and meshing with the teeth 3|. In the primary member, as well as in the teeth of the secondary member, there are arranged annular grooves which register with each other (Figs. 5 and 6). In the compartment which is thus established there is arranged a spring ring 34 which may be seen in Figs. 8 and 9. The spring ring has on the outside a spherical surface, and the annular groove in the member 33 is preferably also given a corresponding surface, while across section through the annular groove in the primary member 39 will be of more rectangular shape. The outside surface of the secondary member 33 corresponds to a double cone and in action works as a frictionclutch.

Inthe construction shown in Fig. 1, the synchronizer clutch as above described is to be used to connect the driven shaft l3 to the driver shaft 9 or the driven shaft l3 to the pinion I5. For this reason the driver shaft 9 is provided with .a conically shaped friction surface 35.and.a corresponding surface 36 is arranged on the pinion When now the fork 25 by means of the control bar 26 is moved for instance towards the left, the friction surface on the secondary member 33 will be brought in engagement with the friction surface 35, and when more force is applied to the fork 25, the spring ring 35 will be compressed and the primary member of the clutch will be allowed to displace itself in axial direction relative to the secondary member, the spring ring following the primary member and being compressed to such an extent that the teeth of the secondary member can slide over the same. The teeth 3| on the primary member will thus come into mesh with the teeth 31 on the driver shaft; but before'they contact with each other, both will have to be brought up to substantially the same speed due to the friction contact between the friction surface on the secondary member and the friction surface 35 on the driver shaft 9. The same will happen, if the fork arm 25 moves the clutch to the right.

If the synchronizing arrangement according to this invention is to be used in connection with the transmitting of power from one shaft to an- .other shaft, arranged parallel to the first one, the construction must be modified to some extent in relation to that which has been described above.

The modified construction is shown in Fig. 1 in connection with the meshing of the gear 28 and 8. The gear 28 represents here the primary member which is moved to the left by means of the forked arm 38 and is mounted on the secondary member 39 slidable-in the axial direction, but not rotatable. The secondary member 39 has a friction surface 44 which is adapted to come in frictional contact with the friction surface 45,

arranged between the gears I and 8. In the surface of the secondary member 88 the ring Zia arranged and may. if desired, be arranged Just in front'of the gear 28 and in such'a way that the gear 28 has a small conical surface 41 which will make it possible for the gear 28 to compress the spring ring 48 and slide over this, when force is applied in the left direction by the forked arm 38. A synchronizing action will correspond to the synchronizing action described with the first embodiment. Thus, when the forked arm 38 applies force on the gear 28 in direction to the left, this force will be transmitted to some exent through the spring ring 48, through the secondary member 89 which with its frictional surface 44.

Will contact with the friction surface whereby the gears 28 and 8 will be brought up to the same speed before they come in mesh with each other,

which they will not do until the force from the arm 38 has become great enough to compress the spring ring 46 so that the gear will be allowed to slide over the same.

It must be understood that the invention in" two gears respectively being rotatably mounted on the driver shaft and on the driven shaft, a sliding clutch being arrangednon-rotatable on the end of the driver shaft and being provided with means for connecting one or the other of the said freely mounted gears directly to the driver shaft, the said driver shaft being hollow at its end and the said driven shaft having an extension projecting into said hollow, the internal diameter of the driver being so large in relation to the said extension of the driven shaft that a free annular space will remain between them, a sliding clutch being arranged on the said end of the driven shaft and means being arranged on the driver shaft and on the gear, freely mounted on the driven shaft to adapt the said clutch to engage alternately with the said driver shaft and with the said freely mounted gear on the driven shaft.

2. In a transmission between two aligned shafts the arrangement of two freely mounted pinions, one on the driver andone on the driven shaft, a clutch including a member splined on the driver shaft and provided with means for connecting alternately one or the other of the two said pinions with the said driver shaft, another clutch including a member splined on the driven shaft and provided with means for connecting the driver shaft directly with the driven shaft or alternately the driven shaft with the said freely mounted pinion on the driven shaft, rods for the control of the driven shaft carried clutch embedded in the said driven" shaft, and a forked lever controlled sleeve for actuating said rods. 

